Effects of U.S. immigration policy on the employment situation of migrant workers

Abstract

This study analyzed the impact of the United States’ restrictive immigration policies on the working conditions and professional development of migrant workers, as well as their effects on businesses operating in the country. The main objective was to understand how these policies influence job stability, growth opportunities, and the inclusion of migrants in the labor market. A mixed methodology was used, combining quantitative analysis of official data and surveys with a qualitative approach based on semi-structured interviews with migrant workers.The findings show that restrictive immigration policies contribute to labor precariousness, as many migrants despite having experience and professional training in their countries of origin are forced to accept low-skilled and poorly paid jobs. This supports the labor market segmentation theory and highlights how structural barriers limit the potential of foreign human capital. Additionally, the shortage of migrant labor negatively affects productivity in key sectors of the U.S. economy, such as agriculture, construction, and services. Current immigration policies, which emphasize control over entry and residence, create conditions of vulnerability and exploitation. Migrants often face low wages, long working hours, and limited opportunities for professional advancement. These conditions not only undermine the well-being and aspirations of migrant workers but also impact businesses by increasing employee turnover and reducing operational efficiency. In response to these challenges, the study recommends strengthening labor protection policies and promoting the fair integration of migrants into the workforce. Recognizing and valuing the contribution of migrant labor is essential for both social equity and sustained economic development