Ambiente laboral del profesional de enfermería y la calidad del cuidado que brinda: una lectura desde la gestión y el liderazgo en salud
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53485/rgn.v9i3.762Palabras clave:
ambiente laboral, enfermería, calidad del cuidado, gestión sanitaria, liderazgo.Resumen
El ambiente en que trabajan los profesionales de enfermería incide de forma directa en la manera en que se organizan y se prestan los servicios de salud, por lo que constituye, desde la gerencia y la planificación sanitaria, una variable que los equipos directivos no pueden dejar libradas al azar. Las condiciones de trabajo de las enfermeras, la calidad de sus relaciones profesionales y el respaldo que reciben de la institución marcan la práctica clínica del día a día y, con ello, la forma en que los pacientes perciben la atención recibida. Objetivo: profundizar en la relación entre el ambiente laboral del profesional de enfermería y la calidad del cuidado que brinda, desde una lectura de gestión y liderazgo en salud, con implicaciones para la dirección institucional. Metodología: revisión exploratoria de tipo cualitativo, con búsqueda exhaustiva de investigaciones empíricas publicadas entre 2019 y 2024 en bases de datos de reconocido rigor científico. Resultados: se confirma una asociación sólida entre ambientes laborales favorables y mejores resultados de calidad asistencial. Conclusiones: el ambiente laboral del profesional de enfermería incide de manera significativa en la calidad del cuidado, mediado en buena parte por el agotamiento profesional y la omisión de cuidados, de ahí que se plantee la necesidad de reforzar las condiciones organizacionales a través de herramientas de gestión estratégica —como el cuadro de mando integral y los modelos de liderazgo transformacional— capaces de sostener la práctica profesional en el tiempo y de orientar decisiones informadas en la gerencia de los servicios de salud, particularmente en contextos como el panameño, donde la evidencia local aún es escasa.
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